ASTM D6776-2002 在实验室模拟陆地环境下测定放射性塑料物质厌氧生物降解性的标准试验方法

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【英文标准名称】:StandardTestMethodforDeterminingAnaerobicBiodegradabilityofRadiolabeledPlasticMaterialsinaLaboratory-ScaleSimulatedLandfillEnvironment
【原文标准名称】:在实验室模拟陆地环境下测定放射性塑料物质厌氧生物降解性的标准试验方法
【标准号】:ASTMD6776-2002
【标准状态】:作废
【国别】:
【发布日期】:2002
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:D20.96
【标准类型】:(TestMethod)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:
【英文主题词】:anaerobicbiodegradation;biodegradability;landfills;methaneproduction;radiolabeledmethod
【摘要】:ThismethodcanbeusedtoassesstheanaerobicbiodegradabilityofpolymericcomponentsofMSWsuchaspackagingmaterialsandtocomparetheirbiodegradabilitytothatofmaterialsroutinelyburiedinlandfillssuchasofficepaperandnewsprint.Theprocedurecanbecompletedin6to9months.Thistimeframemakesitpossibletoconsiderwastemanagementduringproductdesign.Thedatafromthismethodmakesitpossibletocharacterizethebehaviorofconsumerproductsattheendoftheirusefullifewhentheyenterthesolidwastemanagementsystem.Limitations8212;Becausedecompositioninthistestisaccelerated,theresultsreflecttheultimatebiodegradabilityofamaterialinalandfill.Theactualrateofdegradabilityinafull-scalelandfillwillbeaffectedbylandfillenvironmentalconditionsaswellasthephysicalcharacteristicsofthematerialwhenactuallyburied.1.1Thistestmethodisdesignedtomeasuretheanaerobicbiodegradabilityofamaterialunderconditionsthatsimulateaccelerateddecompositioninamunicipalsolidwaste(MSW)landfill.Thetestmethodrequirestheuseofa14C-labeledmaterialsothatbiodegradabilitycanbedeterminedbymonitoringformethane(14CH4)andgaseousandaqueouscarbondioxide(14CO2(g)and14CO2(aq)),whicharetheterminalendproductsofmethanogenicdecomposition.Methanogenicconditionstypicallycontroldecompositioninlandfills.Note18212;AmorecompletedescriptionofthisdecompositionisfoundinReference(3).1.2ThismethodcouldbeappliedtolandfillsthatcontainmaterialsotherthanMSW.14C-Radiolabeledmaterialwillbeaddedtocompostsuchthatbetween25ciand75956;ciactivityper2litresoftestrefuseresults.Note28212;Addingmoreradiolabelisdesirablebecause,ifthematerialbiodegrades,therewillbelittleresidualradiolabelleftattheendofthedecompositionexperiment,whichiswhentherefuseisremovedfromareactorandanalyzedforresidualradiolabeltoperformamassbalance.Inaddition,ifinsufficientradiolabelisadded,thenCH4andCO2(g)productionfromtheaddedrefusewilldilutethe14CH4and14CO2(g)fromdecompositionofthetestmaterial,andthelabeledgasesmaynotbedetectedinthereactoroffgas.1.3Thismeasureofanaerobicbiodegradabilityinthelaboratoryrepresentswhatwillultimatelyoccurinalandfilloveralongperiod.Thetestconditionsspecifiedherearedesignedtoacceleraterefusedecompositionsuchthattheentiredecompositioncyclecanbecompletedinsixmonths.Note38212;Thiscyclemayrequiredecadesinalandfilldependingupontheactualenvironmentalconditions(moisturecontent,pH,temperature).1.4Themeasuredbiodegradabilityobtainedhereiscomparedtothebiodegradabilityofbothpureandlignifiedcellulose,whicharechemicallysimilartoofficepaperandnewsprint,bothofwhichareroutinelyburiedinlandfills.Note48212;ThedegradabilityofthereferencedcompoundsisdescribedinReferences(2)and(5).Atthistime,thereisnostandardconcerningtheextenttowhichacompoundmustbiodegradeunderthetestconditionsdescribedheretobeconsideredbiodegradable.Thus,thistestismostappropriatelyusedtomeasurebiodegradabilityrelativetopureandlignifiedcellulose.1.5Thesafetyproblemsassociatedwithrefuseandradioactivityarenotaddressedinthisstandard.Itistheresponsibilityoftheuserofthisstandardtoestablishappropriatesafetyandhealthpractices.Itisalsoincumbentontheusertoconformtoalltheregulatoryrequirements,specificallythosethatrelatetotheuseofopenradioactiv......
【中国标准分类号】:Z04
【国际标准分类号】:83_080_01
【页数】:9P.;A4
【正文语种】: